Altera Stratix GX Transceiver Manual de usuario Pagina 121
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Valorado. / 5. Basado en revisión del cliente
Altera Corporation 5–9
January 2005 Stratix GX Transceiver User Guide
XAUI Mode
Channel Aligner
You use the channel aligner when implementing the XAUI protocol, to
ensure that the channels are aligned. The channel aligner uses a 16-word-
deep FIFO module.
Ordered sets can be misaligned with respect to one another because of
board skew or differences between the independent clock recoveries per
serial lane. Channel alignment re-aligns the ordered sets. This process is
commonly referred to as deskew or channel bonding. Channel alignment
is accomplished by using the alignment code-group, referred to as /A/.
The /A/ code-group is transmitted simultaneously on all four lanes,
constituting an ||A|| ordered set, during idles or inter packet gaps
(IPG). XAUI receivers use these code-groups to resolve any lane to lane
skew. Skew between the lanes can be up to 40 UI (12.8ns) as specified in
the standard, which relaxes the board design constraints. Figure 5–7
shows lane skew at the receiver input, and how the deskew circuitry uses
the /A/ code-group to deskew the channels.
Figure 5–7. Example of Lane Skew at Receiver Input
KRKKKRRRKKRA
Lane 0
KRKKKRRRKKRA
Lane 1
KRKKKRRRKKRA
Lane 2
KRKKKRRRKKRA
Lane 3
KRKKKRRRKKRA
Lane 0
KRKKKRRRKKRA
Lane 1
KRKKKRRRKKRA
Lane 2
KRKKKRRRKKRA
Lane 3
- 101 Innovation Drive 1
- San Jose, CA 95134 1
- (408) 544-7000 1
- Contents 3
- Chapter 4. SONET Mode 4
- Chapter 5. XAUI Mode 4
- Chapter 6. GigE Mode 5
- Chapter 7. Loopback Modes 5
- About This User Guide 7
- Typographic 8
- Conventions 8
- 1. Introduction 9
- Transceiver 10
- Architecture 10
- Digital Overview 11
- Byte Serializer/Deserializer 12
- 8B/10B Encoder/Decoder 12
- Modes of 13
- Operation 13
- Loopback 17
- Built-In Self Test 17
- 1–10 Altera Corporation 18
- Modes of Operation 18
- 2. Stratix GX Analog 19
- Description 19
- Programmable Pre-Emphasis 22
- Transmitter PLL 23
- Clock Synthesis 24
- 2–8 Altera Corporation 26
- Transmitter Analog 26
- Receiver Analog 27
- 2–10 Altera Corporation 28
- Equalizer Mode 29
- Receiver PLL 30
- 2–14 Altera Corporation 32
- Receiver Bandwidth Type 33
- Clock Recovery Unit 34
- Altera Corporation 2–17 35
- Stratix GX Analog Description 35
- 2–18 Altera Corporation 36
- Altera Corporation 2–19 37
- Analog Features 38
- Notes (1)–(4) 39
- 2–22 Altera Corporation 40
- MegaWizard Analog Features 40
- Notes to Figure 2–14: 40
- Altera Corporation 2–23 41
- Note to Figure 2–15: 41
- 2–24 Altera Corporation 42
- Notes to Figure 2–16: 42
- Altera Corporation 2–25 43
- Notes to Figure 2–17: 43
- 2–26 Altera Corporation 44
- Notes to Figure 2–18: 44
- Altera Corporation 2–27 45
- 2–28 Altera Corporation 46
- 3. Basic Mode 47
- Basic Mode 48
- Manual Alignment Modes 51
- 3–6 Altera Corporation 52
- Altera Corporation 3–7 53
- 3–8 Altera Corporation 54
- 3–14 Altera Corporation 60
- Altera Corporation 3–15 61
- Byte Serializer 63
- Altera Corporation 3–21 67
- 3–22 Altera Corporation 68
- Basic Mode Clocking 68
- TX_PLL_CLK. If not available 70
- CORECLK_OUT through logic 70
- RX_CLKOUT 70
- Altera Corporation 3–25 71
- Altera Corporation 3–27 73
- 3–28 Altera Corporation 74
- 3–30 Altera Corporation 76
- Basic Mode MegaWizard Plug-In 76
- Notes to Figure 3–25: 76
- Altera Corporation 3–31 77
- Notes to Figure 3–26: 77
- 3–32 Altera Corporation 78
- Notes to Figure 3–27: 78
- Altera Corporation 3–33 79
- Notes to Figure 3–28: 79
- 3–34 Altera Corporation 80
- Notes to Figure 3–29: 80
- Altera Corporation 3–35 81
- Notes to Figure 3–30: 81
- 3–36 Altera Corporation 82
- 4. SONET Mode 83
- Altera Corporation 4–5 87
- 4–6 Altera Corporation 88
- Altera Corporation 4–7 89
- Altera Corporation 4–9 91
- 4–10 Altera Corporation 92
- Altera Corporation 4–13 95
- 4–14 Altera Corporation 96
- Altera Corporation 4–15 97
- TX_PLL_CLK. Available 98
- 4–18 Altera Corporation 100
- SONET Mode Clocking 100
- Altera Corporation 4–19 101
- SONET Mode 101
- Altera Corporation 4–21 103
- 4–22 Altera Corporation 104
- MegaWizard 105
- Plug-In Manager 105
- 4–24 Altera Corporation 106
- Notes to Figure 4–17: 106
- Altera Corporation 4–25 107
- Notes to Figure 4–18: 107
- 4–26 Altera Corporation 108
- Notes to Figure 4–19: 108
- Altera Corporation 4–27 109
- Notes to Figure 4–20: 109
- 4–28 Altera Corporation 110
- Notes to Figure 4–21: 110
- Altera Corporation 4–29 111
- Notes to Figure 4–22: 111
- 4–30 Altera Corporation 112
- 5. XAUI Mode 113
- 5–2 Altera Corporation 114
- Introduction 114
- XAUI Mode 117
- Receiver 117
- Word Aligner 118
- XAUI Synchronization Mode 119
- 5–8 Altera Corporation 120
- Note to Figure 5–6: 120
- Channel Aligner 121
- 5–10 Altera Corporation 122
- Rate Matcher 123
- 8B/10B Decoder 123
- 10-Bit Decoding 124
- Code Error Detect 124
- Disparity Error Detector 125
- Control Detect 126
- PCS - XGMII Code Conversion 127
- Byte Deserializer 127
- 5–16 Altera Corporation 128
- Altera Corporation 5–17 129
- Transmitter 130
- Altera Corporation 5–19 131
- 5–20 Altera Corporation 132
- 8B/10B Encoder 133
- 8B/10B Reset Condition 134
- Control Code Encoding 135
- Clocking 136
- Altera Corporation 5–25 137
- 5–26 Altera Corporation 138
- XAUI Mode Clocking 138
- 5–28 Altera Corporation 140
- Altera Corporation 5–29 141
- 5–30 Altera Corporation 142
- 5–32 Altera Corporation 144
- Altera Corporation 5–33 145
- Altera Corporation 5–35 147
- Notes to Figure 5–28: 147
- 5–36 Altera Corporation 148
- Notes to Figure 5–29: 148
- Altera Corporation 5–37 149
- Notes to Figure 5–30: 149
- 5–38 Altera Corporation 150
- Notes to Figure 5–31: 150
- Altera Corporation 5–39 151
- Notes to Figure 5–32: 151
- 5–40 Altera Corporation 152
- Notes to Figure 5–33: 152
- Altera Corporation 5–41 153
- 5–42 Altera Corporation 154
- 6. GigE Mode 155
- /C1/ and /C2/ code groups 156
- /K28.5/D21.5/Config_Reg (1) 156
- GigE Mode 158
- Pattern Detector Module 159
- 6–6 Altera Corporation 160
- Altera Corporation 6–7 161
- 6–8 Altera Corporation 162
- 6–10 Altera Corporation 164
- /K28.5/, /D5.6/) and 170
- 6–18 Altera Corporation 172
- Altera Corporation 6–21 175
- 6–22 Altera Corporation 176
- GigE Mode Clocking 176
- Altera Corporation 6–23 177
- Clock Port Description 178
- 6–26 Altera Corporation 180
- 6–28 Altera Corporation 182
- Altera Corporation 6–29 183
- 6–30 Altera Corporation 184
- 6–32 Altera Corporation 186
- GigE Mode MegaWizard 186
- Notes to Figure 6–27: 186
- Altera Corporation 6–33 187
- Notes to Figure 6–28: 187
- 6–34 Altera Corporation 188
- Notes to Figure 6–29: 188
- Altera Corporation 6–35 189
- Notes to Figure 6–30: 189
- 6–36 Altera Corporation 190
- Notes to Figure 6–31: 190
- Altera Corporation 6–37 191
- Notes to Figure 6–32: 191
- Design Example 192
- Altera Corporation 6–39 193
- 6–40 Altera Corporation 194
- Altera Corporation 6–41 195
- 6–42 Altera Corporation 196
- Altera Corporation 6–43 197
- 6–44 Altera Corporation 198
- Altera Corporation 6–45 199
- 6–46 Altera Corporation 200
- 7. Loopback Modes 201
- Parallel 202
- Non-Active Path 203
- Active Path 203
- Altera Corporation 8–1 205
- January 2005 205
- Notes to Figure 8–1: 205
- PRBS Mode Generator 206
- Incremental Mode Generator 207
- High-Frequency Mode Generator 207
- Low-Frequency Mode Generator 208
- Pattern Verifier 209
- Incremental Mode Verifier 210
- Examples 211
- 8–8 Altera Corporation 212
- Design Examples 212
- Altera Corporation 8–9 213
- 8–10 Altera Corporation 214
- Altera Corporation 8–11 215
- 8–12 Altera Corporation 216
- Altera Corporation 8–13 217
- 8–14 Altera Corporation 218
- Altera Corporation 8–15 219
- 8–16 Altera Corporation 220
- Altera Corporation 8–17 221
- 8–18 Altera Corporation 222
- Altera Corporation 8–19 223
- 8–20 Altera Corporation 224
- Altera Corporation 8–21 225
- 8–22 Altera Corporation 226
- 9. Reset Control & 227
- Power Down 227
- 9–2 Altera Corporation 228
- 9–4 Altera Corporation 230
- Recommended Resets 230
- Altera Corporation 9–5 231
- 9–6 Altera Corporation 232
- 9–8 Altera Corporation 234
- Altera Corporation 9–9 235
- 9–10 Altera Corporation 236
- Altera Corporation 9–11 237
- Altera Corporation 9–13 239
- 9–14 Altera Corporation 240
- Altera Corporation 9–15 241
- 9–16 Altera Corporation 242
- Altera Corporation 9–17 243
- 9–18 Altera Corporation 244
- Altera Corporation 9–19 245
- 9–20 Altera Corporation 246
- Altera Corporation 9–21 247
- Altera Corporation 248
- Altera Corporation 9–23 249
- 9–24 Altera Corporation 250
- Altera Corporation 9–25 251
- 9–26 Altera Corporation 252
- 9–28 Altera Corporation 254
- Altera Corporation 9–29 255
- 9–30 Altera Corporation 256
- Altera Corporation 9–31 257
- Receiver Reset 258
- Altera Corporation 9–33 259
- Altera Corporation 9–35 261
- 9–36 Altera Corporation 262
- Altera Corporation 9–37 263
- 9–38 Altera Corporation 264
- 9–40 Altera Corporation 266
- Altera Corporation 9–41 267
- 9–42 Altera Corporation 268
- Altera Corporation 9–43 269
- 9–44 Altera Corporation 270
- 9–46 Altera Corporation 272
- Altera Corporation 9–47 273
- 9–48 Altera Corporation 274
- 9–50 Altera Corporation 276
- Altera Corporation 9–51 277
- Transmitter Reset 278
- Altera Corporation 9–53 279
- Stable TXPLL Clock 280
- Altera Corporation 9–55 281
- 9–56 Altera Corporation 282
- 8B/10B Code 285
- A–2 Altera Corporation 286
- Supported Codes 287
- A–12 Altera Corporation 296
- Appendix B. Ports & 297
- Parameters 297
- Output Ports 301
- Parameter 305
- Descriptions 305
- port must be used 309
- Appendix C. REFCLKB Pin 311
- Constraints 311
- C–2 Altera Corporation 312
- Known Issues 312
- Quartus II Software Messages 313
- Recommendations 315
- C–6 Altera Corporation 316
- Altera Corporation C–7 317
- C–8 Altera Corporation 318
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